Chemical composition of Zhumeria majdae essential oil and its effects on the expression of morphine withdrawal syndrome and tolerance to the anticonvulsant effect of morphine on pentylenetetrazole-induced seizures in mice

Abstract Regarding the proven anticonvulsant effect of Zhumeria majdae essential oil (ZMEO) in previous studies we were prompted to investigate ZMEO effects on tolerance morphine and withdrawal syndrome. Tolerance was induced mice by subcutaneous injection 2.5 mg/kg for 4 days. Subsequent doses (20 mg/kg) used study expression development tolerance. Clonidine as standard drug inhibit syndrome symptoms. To syndrome, received appropriate values days fifth day, 60 min before administration naloxone. The effective dose determined number jumps, stands changes dry stool weight, symptoms evaluated. 20 decreased groups significantly. Counting jumping, standing defecation assessed 30 after 1 h vehicle clonidine. 40 all signs analyzed GC/MS linalool (53.1%) camphor (23.8%) characterized main components. results suggest that possesses constituent(s) have activity against